This page contains material relevant to loss-of-function polymorphisms in human protein-coding genes, a key interest of our group. Science paper 2012 Our major publication in this field has just been published in Science: MacArthur DG, Balasubramanian S, Frankish A, Huang N, Morris J, Walter K, Jostins L, Habegger L, Pickrell JK, Montgomery SB, Albers CA, Zhang Z, Conrad DF, Lunter G, Zheng H, Ayub Q, DePristo MA, Banks E, Hu M, Handsaker R, Habegger L, Fromer M, Jin M, Mu X, Khurana E, Ye K, Kay M, Saunders GI, Suner M.-M., Hunt T, Barnes IHA, Amid C, Carvalho-Silva DR, Bignell AH, Snow C, Yngvadottir B, Bumpstead S, Cooper DN, Xue Y, Gallego Romero I, 1000 Genomes Project Consortium, Wang J, Li Y, Gibbs RA, McCarroll SA, Dermitzakis ET, Pritchard JK, Barrett JC, Harrow J, Hurles ME, Gerstein M, Tyler-Smith C. (2012) A systematic survey of loss-of-function polymorphisms in human protein-coding genes. Science. 335:823-828.
This was a very large collaborative project involving researchers at the Sanger Institute, Yale University, and a number of other institutions, and used data made available by the 1000 Genomes Project. Manuscript and data A pre-formatted version of the manuscript is available here, and the supplementary data file is here. You can download the complete list of all candidate LoF SNPs and indels (with additional annotation) here, and the predicted probability of recessive disease causation, P(rec), for all assayable protein-coding genes in the human genome here. All of the genotyping validation data used in this study (from three custom Illumina arrays and 819 custom Sequenom assays) have been formatted for analysis with Evoker, and are available as a zipped archive here. Media and online coverage Daniel MacArthur, Genomes Unzipped: All genomes are dysfunctional: broken genes in healthy individuals Lluis Quintana-Murci, Science perspective: Gene losses in the human genome Darren Burgess, Nature Reviews Genetics: How pervasive are defective genes? [subscription required] Joy Yang, National Human Genome Research Institute, Genome Advance of the Month: Discovering the mutants among us Jocelyn Kaiser, ScienceNOW: The case of the missing genes Andrea Anderson, GenomeWeb: Researchers catalog loss-of-function variants in protein-coding genes Tina Hesman Saey, ScienceNews: All genes aren't indispensable Nature Research Highlight: Loss-of-function found in droves Kate Jelland, Chicago Tribune: Study finds one percent of human genes switched off David Brown, Washington Post: Genome news flash: we're all a little bit broken Alzheimer Research Forum: Are broken genes commin in humans? Jennifer Welsh, LiveScience: Humans have about 100 broken genes each Razib Khan, Gene Expression: Extraordinary mutations require extraordinary evidence Emily Singer, SFARI: Major errors in genome can be harmless Previous literature on loss-of-function variants Balasubramanian S, Habegger L, Frankish A, MacArthur DG, Harte R, Tyler-Smith C, Harrow J, Gerstein M. (2011) Gene inactivation and its implications for annotation in the era of personal genomics. Genes Dev. 25(1):1-10. 1000 Genomes Project Consortium. (2010) A map of human genome variation from population-scale sequencing. Nature. 467(7319):1061-1073. MacArthur DG, Tyler-Smith C. (2010) Loss-of-function variants in the genomes of healthy humans. Hum Mol Genet. 19(R2):R125-130. |